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Take Ethereum 2.0 as an example. For pledors, they can pledge any amount of ETH to a Lido contract account, and Lido will distribute the user a corresponding amount of stETH (an ERC-20 token). The stETH balance will be updated at 24:00 UTC each day to ensure that stETH and ETH on the Beacon Chain are the same amount, so as to achieve daily real-time access to pledge income. The pledgee gets 90% of the proceeds from the ETH pledge on the beacon chain.
Whenever 32 ETH is aggregated on an Ethereum smart contract, the DAO selects a new validation node from the list of validation nodes. The deposit contract is then invoked to assign 32 ETH to the authentication node. At present, there are 9 verification nodes, including P2P Validators, Stakefish, blockscope, etc. They are selected by Lido DAO after verification and are responsible for obtaining benefits by deposing ETH in ETH2.0 in 32 pledge contracts. Validation nodes bear hardware costs and bandwidth costs, and they currently receive 5% of the total revenue. The last 5% of the income is controlled by Lido DAO, which is currently fully distributed to the insurance fund. The insurance fund is mainly used to compensate users' profits and even their principal in the event of punishment of ETH2.0 verification.
Because the balance of STEH will change every day, which is not conducive to the combination of some DeFi protocols, Lido also introduced the encapsulated version of STEH wstETH, which will not change the balance of the encapsulated wstETH. However, the benefits during encapsulation continue to accumulate and will be recalculated when stETH is unsealed.
< SPAN class="ql-author-58030660 qL-size-12 ">LDO is an optimized ERC-20 token. The main use case is for Lido Dao governance.