Swarm is a distributed storage platform and content delivery service project led and developed by the Ethereum Foundation. It is the local base layer service of the Ethereum Web3.0 stack. It mainly provides services such as content storage, content distribution and network retrieval, and is the basic service of Ethereum network implemented in the Internet Web3.0 stack. Swarm project network can provide service support for Ethereum network applications.

Swarm claims to be the official ethereum storage and communication system, which aims to replace ethereum on-chain storage solutions as a decentralized storage platform for Ethereum's public records. It through the etheric fang public records for chain block chain network provides point-to-point enough idle storage space, for DApp code, user data, block chain and state data provide decentralization and redundant storage, as well as the do not track communication provides the underlying structure, internal incentive system through Ethernet block chain intelligent contract implementation. Swarm provides decentralized storage of data without directly relying on IPFS and Filecoin. Swarm provides decentralized storage of data without directly relying on IPFS and Filecoin. Swarm provides decentralized storage of data without directly relying on IPFS and Filecoin.

The Ethereum network has long had problems with centralized data storage. According to Ethernodes, as of June 19, 2021, 63.32% of the nodes on the Ethereum network were hosted on third-party cloud servers, and 31.5% of those 63.32% were hosted on Amazon. This means that nearly a fifth of the Ethereum network relies on Amazon to run, which defeats the purpose of decentralization. By Swarm, the Ethereum team hopes to solve some of the problems existing in the application of ethereum project technology. The Swarm network is designed to provide a point-to-point storage and service solution with no downtime, zero failures and censor protection. Swarm is another application of Ethereum blockchain protocol and technology, which can create an economic incentive system to facilitate the overall payment and transfer of ethereum projects. Swarm is a new distributed storage project that plays an important role in the development and technical improvement of Ethereum.

Swarm was primarily developed by the Foundation to allow mining pool storage, bandwidth and computing power resources to support applications based on the Ethereum network. The team sought to create a point-to-point storage and service solution with no downtime, zero failures, and censorship proof. Creating a system of economic incentives within Swarm will facilitate the payment and transfer of resource exchange value. The project uses different protocols and technologies in the Ethereum blockchain. Swarm's core is divided into four layers: the underlying P2P network, distributed storage, components that improve data access and define apis for the basic layer functionality, and the application layer. Swarm, a decentralized content storage and distribution service, can be thought of as a CDN for distribution on computers over the Internet. You can run Swarm nodes and connect to Swarm networks just like you run Ethereum nodes. This is similar to BitTorrent, but also similar to IPFS, where ETH is used as a reward incentive. The files were broken into chunks, distributed and stored by the participating volunteers. The biggest differences from Filecoin are the technical details and incentives. Filecoin doesn't penalize storage, while Swarm penalizes storage, which increases file availability and security through storage penalties.

Swarm is driven by Ethereum founders Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood and Jeffrey Wilcke. In 2015, Vitalik created the protocol tag of Swarm, BZZ and SHH. Swarm has a core team of 32 employees and formed a Swiss-based Swarm Association. In addition to the financial support from Ethereum Capital, they also partnered with Bitcoin Suisse to secure their own funding source. Over the past year, the project has reorganized the team several times and now finally has eight well-organized sub-teams :Leet Squad, Bee Team,Bee-JS team,Comms,HR,DevOps,Ops and Knowledge Management.

Swarm offers a point-to-point storage and service solution with DDos resistance, zero downtime, fault tolerance and censorship and self-sustainment features. It has a built-in incentive system that allows users to pay for transaction resources through peer-to-peer billing. The core of Swarm is divided into 4 layers: the bottom layer of P2P network, distributed storage, components that provide high level data access and define apis for basic layer functions, and application sequence layer. The main objective of Swarm is to provide fully decentralized and redundant storage of ethereum public record, especially to store and distribute DAPP code and data as well as blockchain data. From an economic point of view, it allows participants to effectively pool their storage capacity and bandwidth resources to provide these services to all the people in the network, while receiving ethereum rewards. Swarm's broader goal is to provide infrastructure services for centralized Web application (DApp) developers. In particular: messaging, data flow, point-to-point reconciliation, variable resource updates, storage insurance, regulatory scanning and repair, payment channels and database services. The Swarm client is part of the Ethereum stack and the reference implementation is written in Golang and can be found in the Go-Ethereum repository. POC version 0.3 is currently running on all nodes. Swarm provides native HTTP proxy apis, dapps or command-line tools that can be used to interact with Swarm. Modules such as messaging are only available based on the PRC-JSON API. The base service on Testnet provides a common gateway for easily demonstrating functionality and allowing free access so that people can try Swarm without running any of their own nodes. Swarm is a collection of nodes in a DevP2P network where each node runs the BZZ suite on the same network ID. Swarm nodes can also connect to one (or more) Ethereum blockchains for domain name resolution and connect to an Ethereum blockchain for bandwidth and storage compensation. Nodes running the same network ID should be connected to the same blockchain to make payments. The Swarm network is identified by its network ID, which is an arbitrary integer. Swarm allows upload and Disappear, meaning any node can just upload content to Swarm and then go offline. As long as the node is not lost or becomes unavailable, the content will remain accessible because there is a process of "synchronization" in which nodes continuously pass available data to each other.

Swarm is the token of the Swarm project, which is IPFS running on Ethereum, and BZZ coins can be circulated on Swarm. Swarm BZZ is a reward for Swarm's network bandwidth and storage benefits. It is capable of boosting the Swarm network and blockchain development.

Swarm's financial incentive mechanism differs from Ethereum's protocol and technology, with storage and bandwidth, two important limited resources, fully discounted in its incentive plan. Storage incentive: Swarm's storage space is limited by the sum of all individual nodes' storage contributions to the network. The stamp system increased costs by uploading fees to the network, which allocated the right to write Swarm the best way. Using this signal, storage nodes can decide what to keep and what to ignore, thus allocating storage space in a way that preserves the most valuable blocks. For example, if a, B and C upload their own files at the same time, but the storage space is limited, so it must be in order, then the three users have to decide how many stamps they are willing to pay for the file upload. If A thinks his file is not urgent and is only willing to pay 1 yuan stamp, B is willing to pay 2 yuan stamp, and C is most urgent and therefore willing to pay 3 yuan stamp, it is obvious that when there is not enough storage space, the data uploaded by C will be accepted first, followed by B and A. The $3 stamp is an advance on the nodes, which Swarm's network aggregates and redistributes according to their capacity. How the stamps will be exchanged for Bzz and the incentives, such as their subsequent destruction, have not been made public. Bandwidth-stimulating: Swarm's Bee client software allows users to build nodes and interact with other network participants' nodes, uploading private and secure content to build a bandwidth-swapping trust relationship. There are three participating roles in data upload and download: sender, resender and receiver. In the data upload scenario, the sender sends the uploaded data to the receiver through the sender. The receiver replies with a confirmation message after receiving the uploaded data. The sender sends the uploaded data back to the sender through the sender. In the data download scenario, the sender sends the downloaded data request, which reaches the receiver through the sender, and the receiver replies to the requested data after receiving it, and finally reaches the sender through the sender, and the download operation is completed. In the above two operations, both the forwarder and the receiver can get rewards, and the official statement has been made that there is no incentive reward for blocks, only the traffic fee exchange between nodes and temporary data storage. The upper limit of the traffic charges that a node can receive is related to the bandwidth. The higher the bandwidth, the higher the upper limit of the traffic charges. The amount of traffic a node can transmit is also limited by the node's system bottleneck, which in Swarm's case is disk IO performance. Discovery incentive: users can discover P2P network, new nodes to join the network or network nodes to establish a connection to the node connection process. The official attitude is that for a distributed network, the more nodes that work normally, the more robust the network will be. From the perspective of the self-interest of a single node, it can provide other nodes with message forwarding discovered by nodes to maintain better connection quality when its own connections are reduced. In popular terms, this is an incentive that pulls heads and rewards are not handed out directly.

Swarm and IPFS have the following similarities and differences: 1. They are common distributed storage solutions; 2. Content Distribution Agreement; The differences: 1. Swarm uses Ethereum's DevP2P (protocol multiplexing, through framing, encryption, authentication, handshake and protocol messaging API standards, peer-to-peer connection management support, node discovery for message intermingling) and takes full advantage of its robustness, inheriting its audit and widely acclaimed security attributes most notably. IPFS uses the LibP2P network layer, which is a similar advanced generic P2P solution. Swarm is a content addressing block archive, while IPFS is more similar to BitTorrent in that its content is DHT. IPFS and Filecoin are IPFS and Swarm is ethereum. In terms of information execution, IPFS series is through gas bidding, while Swarm is through smart contract enforcement. IPFS series can not really do data censorship, Swarm can do not know the middle link. Filecoin, a sister project to IPFS, adds an incentive layer to IPFS and relies on its own Altchain. Retrieving evidence of "mining" on the file coin blockchain is a scheme to provide continuous compensation to storage to preserve content. Swarm takes full advantage of smart contracts to process registered nodes and deposit interest. This allows punitive measures as a deterrent. Swarm offers a plan to track responsibility. Swarm will implement an efficient automated collective audit of little-visited content on the blockchain and provide final litigation.

Swarm to locate the etheric fang the storage of the world, is mainly for data storage, can be stored intelligent contracts related data, we all know the etheric lane has a lot of smart project contract, they are just the etheric fang access to the intelligence contracts, but the data is stored in the traditional centralized storage, once the server is shut down, link to open it, Swarm has the advantage of being able to quickly land with ethereum's existing ecosystem. Swarm will therefore become ubiquitous in future society. Swarm's future potential is huge, regardless of its origins, team background, investment line-up and total scarcity (Swarm airdropped only 1 million BZZ in its early days).

The project team was jointly promoted by Ethereum founders VittalikButerin, GavinWood and JeffiryWilcke, and supported by the Ethereum Foundation. And get a strong star capital lineup to participate together. Swarm, the 2015 ETH whitepaper, was credited with defining Web 3 along with Ethereum and Whisper. One of the three pillars of a component. The official website has confirmed the need to pledge BZZ for mining, and the use of ETH as fuel combustion fully proves the relationship between Swarm and ETH. Second, Swarm(BZZ) compared with Filecoin has been launched on the main network, the biggest advantage is that ethereum has the ready-made smart contract ecological resources, has the ready-made effective hot data storage, can soon realize the value of its distributed storage, and is active data. FILecoin's ecosystem is still in its infancy. Currently, all the data stored in FILecoin is garbage data stored for the purpose of mining FIL coins. It will take a year or 3 to 10 years for the ecosystem to develop. Fourth, the ecosystem of Ethereum ETH is currently the largest in the whole blockchain, and the market value is also the highest. At present, the ecological value of Swarm is much higher than that of FILecoin. Swarm distributed storage is arguably the second largest distributed storage project after Filecoin.

Swarm was launched in 2015 and went quiet for The first few years until June last year, when a flurry of activity began with The publication of a white paper called "The Book of Swarm" and The launch of The network. According to the development path of the project, Swarm was in the research stage from 2015 to 2020, which raised doubts about the project's real qualifications and ability to promote the project. Filecoin, by contrast, was built much more quickly between its launch in 2017 and its launch last year, and its mechanical design is much more complex than Swarm. The lack of clarity in economic models is also a problem. Swarm whitepaper and public information have not found a clear positioning of BZZ in the network, how to capture the value of BZZ token? The mining mechanism is also yet to be announced, and there is no mining component in the token allocation scheme, which may mean that the network will incentivize miners by issuing additional shares. The economic model is clearly important to the project, but Swarm has yet to reveal details about it.

Swarm to locate the etheric fang the storage of the world, is mainly for data storage, can be stored intelligent contracts related data, we all know the etheric lane has a lot of smart project contract, they are just the etheric fang access to the intelligence contracts, but the data is stored in the traditional centralized storage, once the server is shut down, link to open it, Swarm has the advantage of being able to quickly land with ethereum's existing ecosystem. Swarm will therefore become ubiquitous in future society. Regardless of Swarm's pedigree, team background, investment lineup and total scarcity, the potential for the future is huge.