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以太坊(Ethereum)私链建立 、合约编译、部署完全教程(1)
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开源工具和语言
一、 brew MacOS包管理器
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"二、 Solidity 以太坊智能合约语言
brew install solidity
如果碰见下面的错误，请移步： http://blog.csdn.net/Sico2Sico/article/details/71082130
The GitHub credentials in the macOS keychain may be invalid.Clear them with: printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\n" | git credential-osxkeychain eraseOr create a personal access token: https://github.com/settings/tokens/new?scopes=gist,public_repo&description=Homebrew三、 geth 运行以太坊节点
下载 Source code (tar.gz)liyuechun:Downloads yuechunli$ cd go-ethereum-1.5.9liyuechun:go-ethereum-1.5.9 yuechunli$ pwd/Users/liyuechun/Downloads/go-ethereum-1.5.9liyuechun:go-ethereum-1.5.9 yuechunli$ make geth建立私链
1. 创建一个文件夹来存储你的私链数据
liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ mkdir privchainliyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ pwd/Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ lsprivchainliyuechun:1015 yuechunli$
2. 使用
geth
来加载
geth --rpc --rpcaddr 127.0.0.1 --rpcport 8545 --dev --datadir privchain如果你切换到
INFO [10-15 03:14:50] IPC endpoint opened: /Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015/privchain/geth.ipc INFO [10-15 03:14:50] HTTP endpoint opened: http://127.0.0.1:8545
privchain
文件夹里面，你会看到
geth
,
geth.ipc
, 和
keystore
。
liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ cd privchain/liyuechun:privchain yuechunli$ lsgethgeth.ipckeystoreliyuechun:privchain yuechunli$ -
保持节点的运行，不要关闭终端，重新打开一个终端，使用
geth attach连接节点，并且打开geth console
liyuechun:privchain yuechunli$ geth attach ipc:/Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015/privchain/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!instance: Geth/v1.7.1-stable-05101641/darwin-amd64/go1.9.1 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 shh:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
>
3. 相关api命令
查看账户> personal.listAccounts[]> > personal.newAccount('liyuechun') "0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8">
liyuechun
是你账户的密码，输入你自己喜欢的密码。
查看账户
> personal.listAccounts ["0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8"]> 4. web3命令
https://ethereumbuilders.gitbooks.io/guide/content/en/ethereum_javascript_api.html> web3.eth.coinbase "0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8"> 5. 编写智能合约代码
pragma solidity ^0.4.4;contract test {
function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d){
return a * 7; }
}
6. 获取智能合约字节码和abi
代码拷贝到 https://remix.ethereum.org ，编译，然后拷贝字节码。6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029{ "contract_name": "test", "abi": [ { "constant": false, "inputs": [ { "name": "a", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "multiply", "outputs": [ { "name": "d", "type": "uint256" } ], "payable": false, "type": "function" } ], "unlinked_binary": "0x60606040523415600e57600080fd5b5b60978061001d6000396000f300606060405263ffffffff7c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600035041663c6888fa18114603c575b600080fd5b3415604657600080fd5b604f6004356061565b60405190815260200160405180910390f35b600781025b9190505600a165627a7a723058203da73c4161a1751d52899e2da724076a62a935cb5e7ed4b29f7f49560675ab8d0029", "networks": {}, "schema_version": "0.0.5", "updated_at": 1508016118593}7. 在bejson中转义成字符串
http://www.bejson.com{\"contract_name\":\"test\",\"abi\":[{\"constant\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"multiply\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"type\":\"function\"}],\"unlinked_binary\":\"0x60606040523415600e57600080fd5b5b60978061001d6000396000f300606060405263ffffffff7c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600035041663c6888fa18114603c575b600080fd5b3415604657600080fd5b604f6004356061565b60405190815260200160405180910390f35b600781025b9190505600a165627a7a723058203da73c4161a1751d52899e2da724076a62a935cb5e7ed4b29f7f49560675ab8d0029\",\"networks\":{},\"schema_version\":\"0.0.5\",\"updated_at\":1508016118593}7. 通过abi创建合约对象
> var contractInfo = JSON.parse('{\"contract_name\":\"test\",\"abi\":[{\"constant\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"multiply\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"type\":\"function\"}],\"unlinked_binary\":\"0x60606040523415600e57600080fd5b5b60978061001d6000396000f300606060405263ffffffff7c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600035041663c6888fa18114603c575b600080fd5b3415604657600080fd5b604f6004356061565b60405190815260200160405180910390f35b600781025b9190505600a165627a7a723058203da73c4161a1751d52899e2da724076a62a935cb5e7ed4b29f7f49560675ab8d0029\",\"networks\":{},\"schema_version\":\"0.0.5\",\"updated_at\":1508016118593}')> myContract = web3.eth.contract(contractInfo.abi){ abi: [{ constant: false, inputs: [{...}], name: "multiply", outputs: [{...}], payable: false, type: "function" }], eth: { accounts: ["0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d"], blockNumber: 384, coinbase: "0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d", compile: { lll: function(), serpent: function(), solidity: function() }, defaultAccount: undefined, defaultBlock: "latest", gasPrice: 0, hashrate: 0, mining: false, pendingTransactions: [], protocolVersion: "0x3f", syncing: false, call: function(), contract: function(abi), estimateGas: function(), filter: function(fil, callback), getAccounts: function(callback), getBalance: function(), getBlock: function(), getBlockNumber: function(callback), getBlockTransactionCount: function(), getBlockUncleCount: function(), getCode: function(), getCoinbase: function(callback), getCompilers: function(), getGasPrice: function(callback), getHashrate: function(callback), getMining: function(callback), getPendingTransactions: function(callback), getProtocolVersion: function(callback), getRawTransaction: function(), getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(), getStorageAt: function(), getSyncing: function(callback), getTransaction: function(), getTransactionCount: function(), getTransactionFromBlock: function(), getTransactionReceipt: function(), getUncle: function(), getWork: function(), iban: function(iban), icapNamereg: function(), isSyncing: function(callback), namereg: function(), resend: function(), sendIBANTransaction: function(), sendRawTransaction: function(), sendTransaction: function(), sign: function(), signTransaction: function(), submitTransaction: function(), submitWork: function() }, at: function(address, callback), getData: function(), new: function()}8. 检查coinbase账号余额
> account1 = web3.eth.coinbase"0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d"> web3.eth.getBalance(account1)0> > miner.start();null>
如果你觉得差不多了，可以运行下面的命令停止挖矿。
miner.stop();9. 停止挖矿，并且查余额
> miner.start();null> miner.stop();true> web3.eth.getBalance(account1)1.152e+21> 10. 解锁coinbase账号，我们通过coinbase账号来付费部署合约
liyuechun
: 换成你的密码。
> personal.unlockAccount(account1, 'liyuechun') true> 11. 预估手续费
> bytecode = "6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029""6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"> web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode})Error: invalid argument 0: json: cannot unmarshal hex string without 0x prefix into Go struct field CallArgs.data of type hexutil.Bytes at web3.js:3104:20 at web3.js:6191:15 at web3.js:5004:36 at <anonymous>:1:1
> bytecode = "0x6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029""0x6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"> web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode})98391>
0x
。手续费大概为
98391
wei
。
12. 部署合约，为了方便理解，设置一个回调函数
> contractInstance = myContract.new({data: bytecode gas: 1000000, from: account1}, function(e, contract){ if(!e){ if(!contract.address){ console.log("Contract transaction send: Transaction Hash: "+contract.transactionHash+" waiting to be mined..."); }else{ console.log("Contract mined! Address: "+contract.address); console.log(contract); } }else{ console.log(e) }})Contract transaction send: Transaction Hash: 0x5e2aebbf400d71a32e807dc3f11f1053b6ee3b2a81435ed8ace2fa54eebb9f3d waiting to be mined...{ abi: [{ constant: false, inputs: [{...}], name: "multiply", outputs: [{...}], payable: false, type: "function" }], address: undefined, transactionHash: "0x5e2aebbf400d71a32e807dc3f11f1053b6ee3b2a81435ed8ace2fa54eebb9f3d"}> 13. 你的合约等待挖矿，开始挖矿，等一会儿，停止
> miner.start()null> Contract mined! Address: 0xbf8b24283f2516360d3a4ba1db0df78ae74689db[object Object]> miner.stop()true> 
14. 检查合约是否部署成功
> eth.getCode(contractInstance.address)"0x60606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"> 15. 调用合约方法
> contractInstance.multiply.call(6)42>
call
的原因是因为
multiply
函数没有添加
constant
。
pragma solidity ^0.4.4;contract test {
function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d){
return a * 7; }
}
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