QuarkChain is a block chain underlying technology solution based on sharding technology. It has the characteristics of security, decentralization, high throughput and scalability. It will achieve transaction processing capacity of more than 100,000 chains per second (100,000+ TPS). QuarkChain has balanced the scalability and security requirements by separating the two main functions of the chain into separate layers. The first layer contains all the secondary blockchains, or fragments, that independently handle a subset of all transactions. As the number of fragments increases, so does the number of transactions that can be processed simultaneously. The second layer is the root chain. The primary function of the root chain is to identify all blocks in the shard chain, but not the transaction itself.

QuarkChain's vision is to provide a new blockchain paradise through sharding technology, where everyone can cultivate and share the fruits of harvest with everyone; In this way, different mining communities, public chain development communities and DApp development communities can be integrated in one chain for mutual benefit.

In DeFi, due to ethereum's first-mover advantage, most financial protocols are issued on Ethereum. These include: Asset issuance (ERC20), asset exchange (Uniswap, Kyber), stable asset generation (MakerDAO), lending (Compound, DY/DX), etc. Although considerable DeFi activity has been generated on Ethereum, in the face of the future challenges of large-scale DeFi applications, Ethereum will encounter the following shortcomings: 1. Low availability of services. Ethereum's low throughput capacity (around 15 transactions per second) is not sufficient for the availability of large-scale DeFi applications. Especially when the network congestion caused by the popular applications will cause all other DeFi applications to stop working and the availability will be greatly reduced. In The history of Ethereum, such network jams have been common, including the enthusiastic participation of CryptoKitties and Fomo3D, which caused Ethereum to fail to respond for a short period of time. 2. High handling fee. Another problem with ethereum's low throughput is high fees. As the number of online transactions increases, users will be forced to raise transaction fees in order to process their transactions in a timely manner. The problem is even more serious when a user participates in a complex DeFi transaction, which can be as high as $1-2 per transaction. As the cost of the processing fee approaches the user's expected return on DeFi, on-chain DeFi activity is suppressed and reduced. 3. The inconvenience of using non-native assets. There are two types of assets on ethereum, the native asset ETH and the non-native asset (ERC20, NFT). On Ethereum, native assets can directly pay fees and transfer-then-call, while non-native assets cannot pay fees directly and must participate in DeFi activities through a multi-step transaction. This leads to a lot of inconvenience for users and developers. For example, when a user participates in DeFi related activities of non-native assets, the user must own ETH and corresponding non-native assets, raising the threshold for user participation. Developers need to develop two different sets of code for users to use native or non-native assets, adding to the developer's burden. Among them, for the burden of developers, MakerDAO developed multi-collateral DAI, has gradually emerged.

QuarkChain has been building the next generation DeFi network from the beginning towards greater security, lower fees, high availability and high convenience. QuarkChain network uses independently innovative boson sharding technology to comprehensively solve the current problems encountered by Ethereum

QuarkChain contains an elastic shard layer that contains a series of shards. Each shard is a subset of all transactions handled independently. Therefore, as the number of shards increases, the shard layer can process more transactions simultaneously. The result is that the system capacity increases with the number of shards. QuarkChain also has a root chain (also called the main chain) that identifies all blocks from the shard layer. The root chain does not process any transactions (because it is not economically efficient), and the root chain has enough computing power to keep it safe. The QuarkChain block network is also designed to support dynamic sharding. Adding more shards is easy, and fast, and the user hardly notices it (if shards are added before the network is clogged, the user may feel the transaction speed is faster).

QuarkChain's key application scenarios will focus on the fintech sector and the gaming industry. The token of QuarkChain will play a very important role, which reflects the value of QuarkChain, as described below: 1. Value Carrier The essence of cryptocurrency is the carrier of value, which is the most important attribute of QKC. 2. QKC is used as the necessary "fuel" when trading currency is used in some design functions on QuarkChain network. QKC can provide economic incentives to encourage participants to contribute and maintain the ecosystem on QuarkChain network. Computing resources are required to run various applications and execute transactions on the QuarkChain network, as well as verification and validation of additional blocks/information on the blockchain, so the providers of these services and resources will need to "mine" on the QuarkChain network for the consumption of these resources to maintain network integrity, QKC will be used as an exchange unit to quantify and pay for the cost of consumed computing resources. Similar to Ethereum, each transaction on the QuarkChain network requires a transaction fee. Due to QuarkChain's strong transaction processing capabilities, transaction costs will be very low. Transaction fees can only be paid in tokens. QuarkChain supports smart contracts. Transactions of smart contracts in QuarkChain are completed by sending messages to the contract address. Contribution rewards as a point-to-point system, the use of economic means to generate positive feedback can facilitate the continuous development of the system. QKC will be distributed as an incentive to motivate the community to make ongoing contributions to the system. Users of the QuarkChain network and QKC holders will not receive any QKC rewards without active participation. QKC is an indispensable part of QuarkChain network, because without QKC, users cannot be motivated to consume resources to provide services and bring benefits to the whole Ecosystem of QuarkChain network.

To protect all transactions, root chains and shards in the QuarkChain system run the following consensus algorithm: 1. Like Bitcoin and Ethereum, root chains run the POW algorithm. This means that when forks occur on the root chain, the fork with the longest length (or total difficulty) will survive. 2. Each shard runs a root chain first POW consensus algorithm. Given two forks on a shard, to determine which fork survives, a node compares their corresponding root chain before comparing forks. If the forked root chain is long, the fork will survive no matter how long it is.

1. Reshardable two-layer blockchain: QuarkChain consists of two layers of blockchain. We use elastic shard blockchains (shards) as the first layer and root blockchains as the second layer to identify blocks from the first layer. The first layer has the flexibility to refragment as needed without changing the root layer. 2. Market-driven cooperative mining guarantees security: In order to ensure the security of all transactions, a game theory framework is designed to motivate, in which at least 50% of the overall hash power is allocated to the root chain to prevent the double flower attack of any transaction. 3. De-centralization level scalability: In any blockchain network with high TPS, super full nodes can be very expensive, which encourages centralization. In contrast, QuarkChain allows multiple cheap nodes to form a cluster in place of a super full node. 4. Efficient cross-shard transactions: Cross-shard transactions in QuarkChain can be issued at any time and confirmed within minutes. The speed of cross-shard transactions increases linearly as the number of shards increases. 5. Ethereum Smart Contract support: QuarkChain uses Ethereum virtual machines, allowing developers to easily migrate existing Ethereum smart contracts and benefit from QuarkChain's high throughput.

QuarkChain consists of two layers of blockchain structure. The first layer is the sharding layer (which can be understood as the sub-chain layer) for transaction accounting. The second layer is a root chain that is used to confirm transactions in the shard. Without affecting the root chain, the number of shards at the shard layer can be dynamically increased to improve the overall throughput of the system. In order to ensure the security of transactions, QuarkChain designed a mechanism based on game theory to motivate miners to work and reasonably allocate computing power, of which at least 50% of the total network computing power will be allocated to the root chain to prevent possible double flower and malicious mining attacks. On any blockchain network with high TPS processing power, a super node that holds the entire net ledger would be very expensive, leading to centralization. In order to avoid this problem, QuarkChain supports multiple cheap nodes to form a cluster to realize the function of a super node, avoiding centralization. 4. Efficient cross-slice transaction QuarkChain network supports cross-slice transaction at any time and any place, and completes transaction confirmation quickly. As the number of shards increases, the transaction speed increases linearly. 5. Simple account management In QuarkChain system, each user only needs to create one account to use the entire blockchain network. Users' encrypted assets on different shards are securely stored in a smart wallet, and the experience is similar to trading on a single chain. 6. Turing-complete Smart contract platform QuarkChain supports Turing-complete smart contract and uses Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to easily migrate existing EVM DApp on Ethereum to QuarkChain platform.

The total amount of tokens is 10 billion, 20% of which is for sale, including public offering and private offering, and the sales hard top is $20,000 million. 15% for team, locked up for 2 years; 15% for locking up for 2 years; 5 per cent for consultants; 45% for mining, community and market; In the private round of 20% tokens for sale, all tokens are locked up for a period of 7 months.

1. High availability of services. Through the multi-chain/sharding design, the entire network can be expanded horizontally according to the needs of users. The throughput limit of the entire network, verified by the third party community, can reach more than one million TPS levels. In addition, in the case of a popular application, the application will only affect the shard chain in which the application belongs, not other shard chains, which greatly improves the availability of the entire network. 2, low commission. Another benefit brought by QuarkChain's high throughput capacity is that it can greatly reduce the user's handling fee. We expect users to pay at least 10 times less, if not more. The advantage of low handling fee can make DeFi scene which is difficult to be realized in Ethereum due to high handling fee can be realized in QuarkChain. 3. Multiple native assets. QuarkChain allows developers and users to create native assets to directly pay fees and participate in DeFi activities without having to purchase QKC. In addition, from a developer's perspective, DeFi contracts for different native assets can be implemented with only one set of code to be maintained, greatly simplifying developer costs. 4. Composability of cross-chain DeFi. In the case of parallel shard chains, it will be a big problem for DeFi in the future if users can participate in DeFi activities on different chains through cross-chain protocol, that is, the combinability of DeFi cross-chain. That on the one hand, the founder of the etheric fang Vitalik on Ethernet fang study BBS https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-defi-composability/6268 in detail elaborated the future etheric lane 2.0 how to implement the chain DeFi composability. On the one hand, QuarkChain has already realized Vitalik's vision in advance. With multi-native assets, users can seamlessly participate in DeFi activities on all shard chains at any time.

1. In order to further improve network security and ensure user property security, QuarkChain team decided to hold EIP155 Vulnerability reward activity, providing up to 100,000 QKC reward for vulnerability feeders, BUG discoverers and invitees. 2. For community members without development background, as long as they participate in the invitation reward launched by QuarkChain, as long as the invited person completes the task and gets the reward, the user will get 20% of the prize amount of the inviter.

Zilliqa and QuarkChain are the only two blockchain projects implementing sharding on their test network (Testnet). Zilliqa is a high-throughput public chain platform that has proven 2488tps capability (6 shards, 3600 nodes) on AWS EC2 servers, and it has also proven that the more nodes on the chain, the higher the TPS value. Zilliqa makes a clear distinction between state and transaction history. A state is a current situation that takes up less storage space than a transaction history, but is used more frequently. Zilliqa takes this approach: Each node has a copy of the current state, but the transaction history is sharded. Because the transaction history is used less frequently than the current state, this greatly reduces the frequent communication problems caused by sharding. For proving the feasibility of sharding technology, Zilliqa was selected by CrushCrypto as the "Crusher of the Month" project for March. QuarkChain realizes high performance point-to-point transaction system based on sharding technology. The system structure is divided into two layers: sharding layer and root layer for verifying the former. QuarkChain has also achieved several thousand TPS on its test network. Its upcoming ICO gets two Good (Flipping and long-term holding) on CrushCrypto. Sharding has been shown to improve the TPS of networks. To implement sharding on Ethereum, you first need to implement Casper. The implementation of Casper and sharding will greatly improve ethereum's shortcomings. Zilliqa and Quarkchain have successfully run sharding on test networks, but their implementations are different. Zilliqa only supports sharding of transaction history, while QuarkChain claims to support sharding of status and transaction history; Cross-sharding is better than Zilliqa.

Founder, points out the current state of chain, although the male chain length as general business each other, but in QuarkChain (QKC), to be able to see a more expansive vision, the project location is very good at the beginning, the founder of choose not to do a single application of unicorn, but there is a cosmopolitan, what what need to join, Complete the world of QuarkChain(QKC) through state sharding. The project is oriented at state fragmentation and has a high degree of innovation, and has achieved good results in the test phase. Strong team strength, high community enthusiasm, good token liquidity support.

As we can see from the progress of Quarkchain, it is highly likely that a viable sharding solution will emerge before Ethereum. Addresses various issues in today's blockchain -- excessive concentration, poor scalability and security risks, satisfying the tradeoff between the three pillars of blockchain -- decentralization, security and scalability. The QuarkChain platform will have nodes and clusters for mining. A cluster is a cluster of nodes, forming a cluster that operates as a super full node. In this way, supercomputers can form supernodes without running them. This will give small businesses a competitive advantage in mining. The strength of the project itself has a great advantage, and the success of the test version has increased the confidence of most investors. In addition, in terms of project popularity, the project is currently extremely hot, with a large number of big V support. The test speed has reached 2400, which is a huge success for a fledgling project. However, the project still has some problems to be solved. The competition of high-throughput basic chain is particularly fierce. Currently, there are many competitors such as Zilliqa and EOS, all of which are powerful rivals, so Quarkchain may be gradually eliminated in the development. In terms of sharding technology, there is a suspicion that ZIL might be copied, given the extent of the roadmap. There's hardware that's hard to keep up with; Most of the team members have no prior blockchain experience, etc., which can be a stumbling block to the project.

The positioning at the very beginning determines whether the project will last long or not, and the emergence of ETH2.0 has verified that QuarkChain(QKC) is on the right direction, whether compatibility, expansion, transaction speed, can be improved through state fragmentation. According to the current market mechanism, the public chain is more than the situation of people, users only chase new projects, and abandon the old projects, then choose no one, who will be eliminated. Projects like QKC are rare on the public chain at present. Most of the public chains are not positioned at the beginning of trading speed or other types of performance, but their shortcomings are not common to each other. In the most colloquial way, it is "once a target is anchored as the spindle, and then to do the performance extension of the spindle. Even with cross-chain technology, it is not as convenient as sharding. "QKC recently adopted ChainLink's prophet technology. The best technology is to add sharding to expand the whole QKC ecosystem.

The fragmentation technology is difficult, and the mainnet on-line is delayed. After the mainnet on-line, it will still face the test of efficiency, system security and stability. Competition in blockchain sharding field is fierce, and core members have part-time jobs.

QuarkChain is a secure, decentralized, high-throughput and scalable blockchain underlying technology solution, which will achieve one million transactions per second on the chain processing capacity (1,000,000+ TPS) to provide a guarantee for the next generation of public chains. The core technology of QuarkChain includes: double-layer chain structure that can be sharding multiple times, market-driven cooperative mining to provide security, anti-centralized horizontal node expansion, efficient cross-chip transaction and simple account management.

QuarkChain project has a good innovation and idea in sharding technology, using double-layer chain structure to increase TPS, but it is difficult to implement, and whether the main network can be implemented in the expected time is still doubtful. In the secondary market, QKC continues to decline along with the market, so investors need to pay close attention to the actual progress of the follow-up project and invest cautiously.