Current blockchains have scalability issues, and while they are decentralized and transparent, transactions are slow and costly. There are three extensibility technologies available, including the introduction of optimized blockchain protocols for each validation node, such as DAG, Hashgraph, Avalance, etc. Immature sharding technology; And layer-2 solutions that move most of the work off-chain. The public chain is by far the most effective way to reach a global consensus, but it is also the slowest database. Therefore, we should let blockchain only carry things that are best suited and good at, such as decentralization. Other issues, such as scalability and privacy, can be solved through solutions that extend beyond the chain. Add another layer on top of the blockchain, using the blockchain as an anchor point to ensure security. Currently there are schemes, some for extended payments, some for extended smart contracts, and some for off-chain computing.